Links in 'The Book'

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This page is carries links mentioned within the book or deemed to be relevant, listed by Chapter. Please be aware of the qualifications relating to Canberra and ORTEC sources of information on the Links index page.

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Chapter 1 - Radioactive Decay and the Origin of Gamma- and X-Radiation
Table of Isotopes	Browne, E., Firestone R. B., Baglin, C.M. and Chu, S.Y.F. (1998). Table of Isotopes, Wiley, New York. This book seems to be no longer available at Wiley. or Amazon lists it, but as currently unavailable. So, you may need to visit your library.
Chart of Nuclides	Here is an interactive on-line version of the Chart of the Nuclides from the US NNDC. http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/, see also examples on the Data page The Karlsruhe Chart of the Nuclides, in various formats, can be purchased on-line at: nuklid.shop
Fundamental Physical Constants	Here is an extensive list: https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/
The Bateman Solution	This is the fundamental mathematics relating to radionuclide parent-daughter relationships. The 1910 paper is available here: Bateman Solution
Chapter 2 - Interactions of Radiation with Matter
Attenuation Data	An excellent Internet source of attenuation and absorption data is: (Table 3 is particularly useful.) http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef/cover.ihtml
ANSI (1991)	Advice on setting up detector systems. "Calibration and Use of Germanium Spectrometers for the Measurement of Gamma-ray Emission Rates of Radionuclides, ANSI/N42.14-1991" Link to the ANSI store
Chapter 3 - Semiconductor Detectors for Gamma-Ray Spectrometry
Detector Construction	" There is an Ortec excellent description of detector construction which is available here: Ortec - HPGe Detector Manufacturing.pdf
CdZnTe detectors	Information on CdZnTe detectors: Kromek Products. https://www.kromek.com/
Liquid Nitrogen Generator	Information on a liquid nitrogen generator from Minnuogas. Liquid Nitrogen Generator
Chapter 4 - Electronics for Gamma-Ray Spectrometry
In the 2nd Edition Companion Website there were many references to ORTEC and Canberra Technical Reports, especially when in relation to electronics and detectors. That is no longer possible: ORTEC has reorganized its website and Canberra is now owned by Mirion. However both companies have made some of the articles I previously referred to accessible. Mirion has now created its Mirion Knowledge Hub where a huge number of technical articles can be found. At this moment in time, it is not possible to say whether the new Mirion articles cover the depth of information covered by the old Canberra articles. ORTEC's technical papers can now be found in their Library of Technical Papers. However, many of the Ortec older technical reports have also been archived by DirectIndustry Connect where you can find those articles.
Chapter 5 - Statistics of Counting
Uncertainty and uncertainty budgets	"There is an excellent source of advice on dealing with the thorny issue of uncertainties at: A Beginner's Guide to Uncertainty of Measurement
Chapter 7 - Spectrometer Calibration
LabSOCs	Full information on Mirion's LabSOCs calibration software: LabSOCs Calibration software
ISOCs	Full information on Mirion's ISOCs calibration software: ISOCs Calibration software
Chapter 8 - True Coincidence Summing
GESPECOR	Information about the availability of GESPECOR is often provided in the references where the program is used. The link given here purports to be able to supply it. https://tik-online.com/en/gespecor-2/
Chapter 9 - Computer Analysis of Gamma-Ray Spectra
Gamavision	GammaVision, ORTEC's MCA emulator and spectrum analysis programs, is one of the most used programs. Information can be found at: https://www.ortec-online.com/products/software/gammavision
Genie 4.0	Genie 4.0 is Mirion's the successor to the popular Genie 2000 created by Canberra. https://www.mirion.com/genie4
Hpermet-PC	HYpermet is a long standing off-line spectrum analysis program. On 1st January, 2008, the licensing conditions of Hypermet-PC were been changed, so that now it bcame available of charge at: http://www.iki.kfki.hu/nuclear/hypc/index.html
FitzPeaks	FitzPeaks is an outstanding off-line spectrum analysis package. Unfortunately, the creator, Jim Fitzgerald, died in early 2024. However, his website http://jim-fitz.co.uk/fitzpeak.htm is still available. The evaluation copy (fitzpeaks.msi) can be downloaded and will run. In fact, much of my positive experience of Fitzpeaks has been gained using that copy. However, the executable copy (fitzpeaks32.exe) is deemed unsafe by Norton.
Chapter 10 - Scintillation Spectrometry
Saint Gobain	Saint Gobain, who have been an outstanding profider of scintillation crytals, have sold the company to Luxium Solution. https://luxiumsolutions.com/
Chapter 13 - Low Count Rate Systems
Bigger-is-Better?	This article, by Ron Keyser, Tim Twomey and S.E.Wagner (1990)suggested that the benefits of using super-large germanium gamma-ray detectors for the quantitative determination of environmental radionuclides were that it was better to use one super-large detector rather than more smaller detectors. (It aint necessarily so!) benefits-using-super-large-germanium-gamma-ray-detectors (pdf)
Low Background Systems	Considerations for Environmental Gamma Spectroscopy systems Canberra - ultalowbgsystems - App Note (pdf)
Ultra Low-Background Shield	Considerations for Environmental Gamma Spectroscopy systems Canberra - ultralowbg shield (pdf)
Chapter 14 - High Count-rate systems
High CR Performance	Twomey, Keyser, Simpson, and Wagner(1991). High-count-rate spectroscopy with Ge detectors: quantitative evaluation of the performance of high-rate systems. Twomey High CR paper (pdf)
High CR Guide	Canberra Application Note (1993). A Practical Guide to High Count-rate Germanium Gamma Spectroscopy. Canberra Guide to High CR (pdf)
Performance of DSP	Canberra Application Note (1999). Performance of Digital Signal Processors for Gamma Spectrometry. Canberra Perf of DSP (pdf)
DSP vs Analogue	Vo, Russo and Sampson, T.E. (1998)(Originally published as Los Alamos Report, LA-13393-MS). 1998 Comparison DSP and analogue (pdf)
High Performance HPGe	Keyser and Twomey (2003) Developments in High-Performance HPGe Detector Spectrometer Systems for Safeguards Applications. Keyser 2003 Developments of High performance spectrometers (pdf)
Chapter 15 - Ensuring Quality in Gamma-Ray Spectrometry
Validation	This paper on using the ANSI N42 tests as a basis for testing the quality of spectrum analysis programs. Verification of gamma spectroscopy programs. (pdf)
Intercomparisons	Information on recent and ongoing intercomparisons. https://www.iaea.org/services/laboratory-services/inter-laboratory-comparisons
Intercomparison	IAEA (2022) Report on laboratory intercomparison of marine types of sample 2022 IAEA Intercomparison (pdf)
Participation	To participate in one of the NPL Comparison exercises contact NPL via the website at: To participate in an NPL Intercomparison. Information and a collection of all the reports of exercises from 2009 can be downloaded via a link on that page.
ANSI Documents	ANSI documents can be purchased online at: http://www.ansi.org/
Chapter 17 - Applications
CTBTO	Information on the CTBTO can be obtained from their website at: http://www.ctbto.org